Abstract

This method is gaining popularity due to its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and eco-friendliness. The microalgae extract contains various bioactive compounds that not only reduce the metal ions but also stabilize the nanoparticles. The size, shape, and morphology of the nanoparticles can be controlled by varying the experimental parameters such as the concentration of the microalgae extract and the metal ion solution, pH, and temperature. The synthesized nanoparticles can be used in various applications such as catalysis, biomedicine, and environmental remediation. This review focuses on the recent advancements in the green synthesis of metal nanoparticles using microalgae extract, the various experimental parameters involved, and their applications. One of the well-known metal oxide nanoparticles with considerable applicability in numerous sectors and research facilities are zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). To fulfill the increased demand for ZnO NPs, a variety of synthetic techniques have been used in their manufacturing. The search for additional options with environmental and economic advantages is a result of the economic and environmental disadvantages associated with the majority of ZnO NP production methods. Surprisingly, the biological approach of synthesis employing plant sources has been proven suitable for the manufacture of ZnO NPs due to its multiple medical, healths, environmental, and economic benefits. Despite the advantages of biosynthesized ZnO NPs that have been described, there are still mysteries surrounding the creation method and responses. This article summarized the most recent developments in the biosynthesized ZnO NP's synthesis, mechanism approaches, characterization techniques, and applications in the textile, medical, and agricultural industries.

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