CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE RASA CONCEPT IN DHVANYALOKA

Abstract: Anandavardhana, a prominent figure in ancient Indian literary theory, revolutionized Sanskrit poetics with his concept of dhvani (suggestion), introduced in his seminal work Dhvanyaloka. This theory asserts that the true essence of poetry lies not in its explicit meaning but in its suggestive power, which evokes deeper emotional and intellectual responses in the reader. Anandavardhana’s framework links dhvani with the concept of rasa (aesthetic experience), building upon the foundational rasa theory of Bharata in the Natyashastra. While earlier theorists focused on the direct expression of emotions, Anandavardhana emphasized how poetry can indirectly suggest emotions, allowing readers to experience rasa through subtle implications. His theory integrates form and emotion, offering a universal and creative approach to poetry that transcends linguistic boundaries. Despite criticisms regarding its abstract nature and overemphasis on suggestion, Anandavardhana’s work remains influential, inspiring later scholars like Abhinavagupta. Dhvanyaloka continues to be a cornerstone of Indian literary theory, highlighting the profound interplay between language, meaning, and emotion in aesthetic experiences.